Mon, 12 Nov 2007 20:02:05 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/ The Manta Network en-us http://www.mantas.org/images/mantaheader.jpg http://www.mantas.org/ admin@mantas.org http://www.mantas.org/Article89.html By Peter Schneider Rangiroa, this is the name of the place I call my home. At least since I moved here, 5 years ago. It is the second biggest atoll in the world and the biggest one in French Polynesia. Its name, “ huge sky”, describes accurately the phenomena, when on a windless day, the smooth surface of the lagoon melts with sky. But there is more, Rangiroa is famous for. It is the abundance of pelagic fish, especially sharks. Great hammerheads, silvertips and hundreds of grey reef sharks. Filmmakers from all over the world make the long journey to the middle of the Pacific Ocean to take good and clear images of them. These photographers include: Howard Hall, Jean-Michel Cousteau, Luc Besson and Jean-Jacques Mantello, just to name a few. Some of them I met and have had even the honor to dive with my small 3CCD mini DV camcorder parked next to huge Beta Cams, HD’s and 3D Imax cameras. I watched them, not without jealousy I have to admit. But tight shooting schedules made them leave always earlier than they wished. I stayed here, diving and diving again, filling tape after tape, first mini DV and now HDV. Looking for the beauty in the beast, for a better shot than the last, … for the “one”. Will my patience be paid back one day? It is the 7th of August 2006. The end of an afternoon drift dive through one of the two passes, which connect Rangiroa’s lagoon with the ocean. Starting in the blue of the Pacific and ending in the so-called Aquarium, a sandy patch in the lagoon, dotted with coral heads and all kind of tropical fish. I was welcomed by a tornado of barracudas; passed above the enormous school of grey reef sharks, which guards the entrance of the pass; and observed a great hammerhead shark, scanning the bottom of the pass for prey. I am happy regarding the dive and the images I could take. I am drifting at a depth of 8 meters, ready for a slow ascent, when a manta ray is overtaking me. I try to follow and prepare my camera for recording. But she swims to fast, like having an appointment, she is already late for. Once again I feel like a snail on a racing track. Despite all the new fancy diving equipment, split, force or power fins, forever we remain only second-class fishes. But before disappointment overcomes me, a second manta ray, a little smaller than the first one, is getting in sight. He is facing the current and hovers effortless on the spot. For a moment it looks like he is the rendezvous, she is late for. I instantaneously hit the record button of my Sony HDR-FX1, hoping for a good shot this time. But she even seems to accelerate, once she becomes aware of his presence. You ask how I could figure the gender of the two rays? I have to confess, I could not, at least at this point! Immediately, when she leaves him behind, he turns around, ready to follow her. The female manta speeds up and he instantly tries to keep up with her. The two rays, once more, leave me behind and get out of my sight. I stop recording! Anyway, I had a long and beautiful dive and my pressure gauge tells me it is time to surface. Only 40 bars I have left in my 12 liters steel tank, starting to think about a full 1/2 liters beer tank in my refrigerator. At 3 meters, exactly one minute after I stopped the recording, an amazing spectacle comes to my vision. I am almost paralyzed by its beauty, but in the same time panic starts to emerge, do the right thing and don’t mess it up. Should I use a little zoom? The current is pushing me closer all the time; probably it is better to switch to automatic focus; hopefully I don’t disturb the act; start recording, start recording - now! The camera is already running, when my mind becomes clear again and I make the final camera adjustments. Like two flamenco dancers, the rays are whirling around each other. The male faces her back, trying to seduce her. But she is not ready yet and tries to keep some distance. The spectacle is so fascinating; I have difficulties to keep my eyes fixed to the camera monitor. I am tempted to let go and watch the scene live, but I become conscious of the uniqueness of this moment and realize, perhaps nobody has recorded this behavior before. He starts to push harder, trying to get into the right position, whatever this position might be. Opening and shutting his mouth like gulping for air. What is he doing? A moment later it becomes evident that he is trying to bite her wingtip. She obviously is not very found of his deeds and still tries to get away somehow. Their spins are getting faster and he finally accomplishes his mission. It seem, this is the key to success. The female ray is giving in. She stops flapping her wings, while he starts to flutter more rapidly. Her wingtip still held in his mouth, he is pulling his body around this fix spot until the two rays face each other. Now, belly-to-belly, he is in the position to start the copulation. She is paralyzed while his movements are getting faster. The copulation itself lasts around 30 seconds, before the two manta rays separate again. Just in front of my camera, he leaves to the left and she exits to the right. The two rays will probably never meet again in their lives. I am certain that I will never get a chance to witness such a behavior once more in my life. Peter Schneider, a professional videographer working in Rangiroa, Polynesia, has captured the manta’s embrace. For more fantastic manta footage visit Underwatercam.tv. Copyright ©2007 Peter Schneider All Right Reserved. Mon, 12 Nov 2007 20:02:05 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article82.html Manta rays are threatened though much of their range where they are either captured as bycatch or targeted in regional fisheries. Given their very low reproductive rates and generally small population sizes mantas are even more vulnerable than most other sharks and rays to over exploitation. Shark and ray populations through out the world’s oceans have shown dramatic population declines in the face of over-fishing. A second factor that places the mantas at risk is the lack of biological data for this species. There is almost no published data detailing population structure, social dynamics, reproductive rates, growth rates, or age at first reproduction. Without this information predicting the impact of fisheries and developing appropriate management plans is practically impossible. The population of resident manta rays in the lagoon at Bora Bora provides an extraordinary opportunity to collect critical data on the basic biology of manta rays. While this is not the only location where manta rays have been observed year around, it provides the ideal natural laboratory. The lagoon’s relatively small size and the presence of only one exit to the ocean simplify observations and monitoring of individuals. In addition, there is already a photo ID program established and considerable background information has been collected on a number of individuals. It will be possible to build on existing efforts and quantify a number of basic biological parameters. While providing an excellent opportunity to study manta rays, the work in Bora Bora is also critical to their protection. Bora Bora is a popular tourist destination with a considerable amount of manta-based ecotourism. The majority of visitors to Bora Bora now swim with the mantas and the number of people in the water is likely to increase with the current plan to construct two additional hotels close to the site where manta rays are most frequently observed (Anau). To ensure the long-term health of the Bora Bora mantas we must act quickly. We need to gather baseline data, and then assess any threats from increased boat activity and divers, as well as potential changes to the local habitat. Once we have characterized both the mantas habitat requirements and potential threats to their well-being, protective measures will be recommended. These may include establishment of a marine protected area (MPA), time area closures, manta-friendly guidelines for divers and snorkelers, and active management of tourist activities. While our initial efforts will be centered on Bora Bora, we will begin to develop links to other areas in French Polynesia where mantas occur, focusing initially on dive centers. We will establish an information network where local findings and methods, including photo ID, can be shared regionally. This will serve to develop an information database on the patterns of manta occurrence around French Polynesia and apparent threats in other regions. This information network will benefit both the local and regional populations and will help to determine if there are links between groups. BACKGROUND Manta rays (Order Myliobatidae, family Mobulinae) are found in tropical and subtropical waters (Bigelows and Schroeders 1953, Last and Stevens 1994). They are characterized by cephalic lobes that unfurl to funnel water and plankton into their large mouth. Similar to the largest whales and sharks, the bulk of their diet is plankton. Their pectoral fins are expanded laterally into wing-like fins that create the appearance of the mantas flying through the water. Within the family there are two genera, Manta (one species) and Mobula (9 species)(Mc Eachran 1996). In Bora Bora we will focus on M. birostris, the largest member of the group, reaching a maximum “wing” span of 6.7m and a weight of 1400 kg. Most of the mantas seen in Bora Bora are considerably smaller, with an approximate wing span of 3.5m maximum. Larger animals have, however, been reported in the past. Mantas are one of the few large elasmobranches (sharks and rays) that man can approach without fear. In spite of this and their frequent observation in near-shore environments, there is surprisingly little published information on the basic biology of the species. Growth rates, time of gestation, age at sexual maturity and the rate of reproduction are not well understood. Other than the basic characterization of mantas as filter feeders, we know little about their habitat requirements or actual prey composition. While scientists recognize only one species of Manta globally, there is no information on population structure in the Pacific and Indo-Pacific, or on the level of connectivity among different regions. Some of the best information collected on manta ray occurrence and residence times originates from divers and snorkelers around the globe who have established their own research programs. From these studies we know that in some regions mantas are resident and the same individuals are observed year round (Yap, Bora Bora, Hawaii, and Indonesia), whereas in other places (Australia, Mexico, Ecuador, and South of Japan) their presence is seasonal and the mantas are migratory, although we have no information on where they go once they leave these sites. These programs have also provided some of the best biological information. For example the efforts in Bora Bora provide the only estimates of age at first reproduction, growth rates and gestation periods. Unfortunately, most of the information from photo ID programs around the globe remains unpublished, and many studies have not been conducted in a scientifically rigorous fashion. The lack of basic information on mantas makes conservation and management almost impossible and places global manta populations at great risk. Among the greatest threats are targeted fisheries which occur in Indonesia, the Philippines and Mexico. These have the potential to wipe out local populations. Other threats include bycatch in purse seine fisheries, drift nets and long-line fisheries through out the oceans. While additional threats to both resident and migratory populations exist, these have been more difficult to identify partially due to the lack of understanding of basic habitat requirements and population structure. While mantas have existed in the waters around Bora Bora since before written history, there is cause for concern that recent activities are posing risks to their populations. The number of mantas observed by divers has declined in the past decade and one known cleaning station has been nearly abandoned. While the mantas in Bora Bora are not threatened by fisheries there are other threats to their well-being. The small size and limited access to the lagoon in Bora Bora places the mantas at greater risk. There are fewer areas that can act as alternative feeding or cleaning sites if key sites are destroyed or made less desirable. Also, all available sites are more susceptible to degradation by human activity such as sedimentation or pollution. The reduction in numbers may be explained by the increased development and tourist activity in Bora Bora: 1) Over the last ten years the number of hotels has increased; not only on the main island, but now some are built on the motus (islets) on the island periphery. This has both the potential to change the habitat through changes in water quality, flow patterns, and/or sedimentation as well as through associated damage to the reef system. 2) The number of divers and snorkelers in the water interacting with mantas has increased dramatically. There is evidence that mantas left areas after being disturbed by divers in Kona, Hawaii. In Bora Bora, during July and August of 2004 the site at Anau was full of divers, snorkelers and sailboats from dawn to dusk (S. Walker pers com.). There are currently no guidelines for interacting with mantas, and divers and snorkelers have been observed rushing at the mantas, driving them from their cleaning station. This may be even more stressful for non-resident manta rays which are less accustomed to human presence. A few inauspicious experiences may prevent an animal from returning. 3) As a result of this increased interest in the mantas, the amount of boat traffic has increased dramatically, including high-speed boats that pass over important manta cleaning grounds. Observations of wounded mantas indicate that they are being hit by boat propellers. The expansion of human and boating activity in the areas near and around the mantas’ favorite sites is not likely to slow down. The need in Bora Bora is real to both characterize the threats to the local manta ray populations and to manage human activities. The goal of this proposal is to build on the existing photo ID program and ongoing observations of individuals in the lagoon to obtain the information necessary to better understand and protect the local and global manta populations. Efforts will be carried out under the newly developed “Manta Polynesia Research and Protection" (MPRP) with the help of Drs. Heidi Dewar and Ellen Freund acting as the scientific consultants. The project will follow multiple lines of exploration including habitat characterization, collection of basic biological data, quantification of risks to local mantas and ultimately application of data collected to their management and protection. Manta Rays in Bora Bora: Manta rays have been a part of the ecosystem in Bora Bora since before recorded history. Most activity has been observed in the lagoon at three different sites including Toopua, in The Pass, and at Anau. Toopua has been almost deserted by manta rays since the construction of the Sheraton hotel (2002-2003). In The Pass, it is primarily young mantas that are observed. The third site, Anau, is the most popular manta site. We will focus our initial attention at all three sites, spending the most time at Anau. Manta ray sightings are relatively predictable at Anau, thus this location is the focus of many tourist activities. Manta rays may frequent this site for a number of reasons. Anau is near the main Island that shelters it from the lagoon’s opening, this may reduce its exposure to large ocean predators. Anau has a shallow zone (4 to 8m), and a coral drop-off from 11 to 25m. Up to the beginning of the drop-off, there is a large sandy zone up to 40m deep. Here, large numbers of mantas are regularly observed and it is possible to photograph and follow the progress of individuals as they reproduce, give birth and grow. In fact, most observations to date in Bora Bora have been made at this site. Anau also serves as a likely mating ground, although only pre-mating dances have been observed by divers. In addition to being an important area for mating, Anau is a giant cleaning station where many cleaner fish are found over a range of depths. During the cleaning phases the mantas move very slowly back and forth over the station to attract the cleaner fish. The cleaning sessions can last more than one hour and seem to be critical to the good health of the manta. During this time they are very easily approached and easily disturbed. While cleaning sites have been identified, there is less information on where the mantas are feeding. Some mantas are known to come into hotel lights at night to feed on the aggregations of prey drawn to the lights, but this is not natural behavior. Through previously established efforts, it has been possible to identify individuals and monitor their progress and activity over the course of years. Since August 2002, 35 females and 31 males have been clearly identified, all at Anau. Some of these, however, have been seen only once and thus appear not to be residents. These visitors may be residents of other sites in the areas that are not regularly surveyed or are possibly migratory. While observations in the lagoon have been going on for 20 years, because the data were obtained over relatively limited temporal and spatial scales, it is difficult to evaluate any population trends. However, most people familiar with these mantas indicate that the population has declined. Previously, mantas were observed everyday at Anau, whereas in recent years it is not rare that the site is deserted for some weeks, or even longer. CONCLUSIONS: Bora Bora's lagoon and all of French Polynesia represent an exceptional natural laboratory that provides the opportunity to study manta rays. We can build on the existing expertise and data that have already been collected and can collect critical information on the movements and migrations, reproductive biology, social structure and habitat requirements of manta rays. Very little information on the basic biology of mantas rays exists in the scientific literature hampering conservation and management efforts on a global scale. From a local perspective, the manta rays in the Bora Bora’s lagoon are experiencing increasing pressure from human activity and additional information is necessary to develop protective measures. By working with local businesses and officials will work to establish a MPA at Anau. This MPA will act as a model for other regions facing similar problems. To take the current efforts to the level required to systematically collect biological data and to identify and mitigate threats requires a dedicated, focused effort. The full-time efforts of Moeava de Rosemont and Benjamin Galtier will allow us to expand observations in time and space both around Bora Bora and to neighboring islands starting with Maupiti and the Tuamotu Archipelago. It will also allow for the development of multimedia educational materials for local officials, the tourists industry and local school children. The research conducted here and the associated educational programs are critical to the long-term health of the mantas in Bora Bora and around the globe. This article was excerpted from a proposal for manta research written by Moeava de Rosemont and Benjamin Galtier with contributions by Dr. Heidi Dewar. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article1.html A story about saving the mantas. More copy to follow. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article2.html Save-the-Mantas.org is dedicated to the protection and conservation of Manta birostris worldwide. Fishing of Manta birostris generally occurs as accidental catches or taken in small numbers for food by remote fishing villages. This situation now appears to be changing rapidly as demand increases for the manta's skin and gills. The increased market permits fishermen to better equip themselves with advanced fishing methods. May 2002, WWF Indonesia sponsored an exploratory trip to the Alor region of Eastern Indonesia to survey local resources and identify critical management issues. As part of the team, Heidi Dewar, Ph.D., Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research, reported that manta rays along with other rays were being taken using modern fishing methods instead of their traditional village methods. Dr. Dewar found that "while the fishing practices and subsistence economy have remained relatively unchanged in Lamalera, both have changed dramatically in Lamakera over the last few years. Here, the local people have shifted away from the traditional whale harvest and now focus primarily on manta rays." Read the full text of Dr. Dewar's "Preliminary Report: Manta Harvest in Lamakera" The environmental, economic and political issues in the Philippines and Indonesia are complex. Save-the-Mantas.org is trying to unravel situations that affect mantas. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article5.html First Annual International Manta Photographic & Video Competition We welcome submissions from professional and amateur underwater photographers and videographers from around the world. The contest and exhibition will contain visually stunning images of manta rays which will entertain, educate and inspire an appreciation for these magnificent creatures. More than a fundraising event, the photo and video competition will assemble a collection of images that will advance our scientific understanding and publicize the need for action to protect and conserve an important species. [Enter Now] For the first time, this event will bring together an exhibit of photographs and video devoted solely to Manta birostris and related Mobula rays. The images submitted will be added to the Manta Global Database for use in scientific investigations. Awards in each category will offer exciting prizes donated by dive and photographic industry sponsors that share our concern for the well-being of mantas. The event will also be enjoyable for not only for the contestants but also for all that view the exhibition. The photo contest will raise funds for important manta research, educational activities and will lead to an increased public awareness for the need to protect and conserve the majestic mantas. IMPORTANT FACTS The contest runs from June 15 through October 15, 2004 with entries to be submitted by September 15, 2004. The winners will be exhibited at the 2004 Dive Equipment Manufactures Association (DEMA) trade show in Houston, Texas, October 13-16, 2004. The panel of judges will review the entries and deliver the sealed winners to the Manta Network by October 1, 2004. The awards will be announced on October 14, 2004 at the DEMA Show and winners will be informed first by email and later via letter. The results of the competition will be posted immediately on the Manta Network’s website at: http://www.Save-The-Mantas.org/winners. An important part of the Manta Network ‘s efforts involves photographic and video identification of individual mantas. Dr. Robert Rubin, Pacific Manta Research Group, has been doing this type of research for several years and has developed classification guidelines which we plan to employ worldwide. Photographs and video submitted as part of this contest will be used for marine research, environmental education and conservation purposes. By entering into the contest, the entrant agrees to donate materials for use in these specified purposes. The Manta Network promises to protect the original copyrights. If presented, materials will be displayed with the appropriate copyright identification of the owner. SUBMISSION CATEGORIES & FEES Professionals and amateurs are invited to submit as many entries as desired in any of the photography or video categories appropriate. A professional is defined as an individual that receives a portion of their annual income from media sales or licensing. The entry fee for a single entry in any category is $25.00. The submission fee for additional photographs is $10.00 each and $25.00 per video. The same image or video can not be entered into more than one category. The Manta Network is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization that focuses on research and education on environmental issues concerning manta and related mobula rays. These activities are tax-exempt according to IRS regulations, so entry/submission fees can be claimed as donations to The Manta Network and are tax-deductible. Winners will be rewarded for their achievements with prizes, international publicity, an award ribbon and a certificate showing the winning entry. First, second and third places will be awarded in each category. Honorable mentions may also be awarded. Best of Show will be awarded for both photographs and video entries. The jury reserves the right not to make an award in any category and its decisions will be final. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article7.html The Manta Network has completely redesign this website to create a "global community" of individuals and organizations concerned about the well-being of Manta birostris and related rays. We welcome any of your suggestion on building this community and improving this website. Robert Aston Executive Director Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article12.html Santa Cruz, California, the Manta Network announces a formal fundraising program to support manta research initiatives. Foundations, corporations, and individuals will be approached to support the development and deployment of the initial Indo-Pacific Manta Migration Study and the Continuous Manta Monitoring Project, among others. THE MAJESTIC MANTA The Giant Manta (Manta birostris) is found in every tropical ocean; it stands apart as the largest of all rays with wingspans of up to 18 feet. Little is known about large pelagic animals because they are few in number and spend most of their lives in a solitary remoteness inaccessible to humans. Unlike large sharks, manta rays combine great size with gentle grace, and they present no threat to humans. Both mantas and the related mobulids are targeted by fisheries in a number of regions and are caught as bycatch within their range. Some areas, where mantas once numbered in the hundreds, have only tens left. Financial support is needed to expand current programs and conduct a three-year research project to study the migration behavior of manta rays. The Indo-Pacific Manta Migration Study has already been promised significant support from leading biologists and the dive industry. Approximately $350,000 is being sought to conduct sampling at ten sites in the Indian and Pacific oceans. And the purpose of the creation of 'Adopt-a-Manta' Programs will be to raise additional funds for the associated environmental education programs. IMPORTANT STUDIES ARE IMMEDIATE GOAL New high-quality video cameras, capable of being remotely controlled over the Internet, will make possible the continuous monitoring of areas frequented by manta rays. The Continuous Manta Monitoring Project seeks to develop, install and collect live video of manta rays from five locations across the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The live and recorded video will be employed by marine scientists and can then be shared with educational organizations such as aquariums and exploratoriums worldwide. Grants of research funds and equipment for the installation, monitoring and maintenance of wireless underwater video monitoring stations will be sought. The Manta Network seeks to advance our knowledge and determine the importance of the manta in the ocean's ecosystem. "501(c)(3) non-profit status is now pending," says Executive Director, Robert Aston. "We have now begun to raise sufficient funds to expand current Manta Network Programs and conduct the planned 2004-2006 Indo-Pacific Manta Migration Study." The formal fundraising campaign/activities will lead to the creation of several programs to protect and conserve mantas worldwide. Protection and conservation of mantas will be accomplished through active publishing, research in conjunction with leading manta researchers, and by increasing industry, government and public awareness through education. ABOUT THE MANTA NETWORK The Manta Network is dedicated to the protection and conservation of Manta birostris worldwide. Creating a network consisting of Manta researchers, sport divers, photographers, dive and tour operators, corporate sponsors and individuals, will further the efforts to protect these magnificent creatures. Since 1996, Robert Aston, M.S. Earth Sciences, has been working with marine researchers to collect information about Manta birostris populations. In 1998, a more formal program was initiated to collect manta sightings from encounters by photographers and divers. Legal counsel is provided by Covington & Burling, one of the top global environmental and international trade law firms in the world/country. We are very proud to join a growing list of global environmental non-profit firms including Conservation International, the Nature Conservancy, and the World Wildlife Fund. For more information or to express your support for the protection and conservation of Manta birostris, please contact Robert Aston. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article13.html The principal objective of The Manta Network and its Manta Sightings Program is to protect the ecological wealth of the planet by advancing our knowledge of Manta birostris. The principal objectives of The Manta Network fall into four areas: population studies, environmental education, environmental assessment studies and public awareness initiatives. Our initial efforts have focused on population studies and environmental education employing the Internet. The four objective are: Population Studies to further our knowledge of habitats and migration patterns Environmental Education to develop a comprehensive online reference and conduct educational seminars Environmental Assessment Studies to conduct field research in strategically important areas Public Awareness Initiatives to prototype action plans and assist local awareness programs As these programs progress, it is our goal to use the gained understanding to identify strategically important areas. These areas could then be routinely monitored to provide the most valuable information to access population health. Local action programs can then be fashioned to increase awareness and provide alternatives to overfishing. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article18.html The mission of The Manta Network is to learn more about populations and migration behavior by assisting manta researchers worldwide. The first of these efforts will involve several researchers and dive operators in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. We are now planning to deploy electronic tags at sampling sites in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The tags will record information on the movements of the manta for a period of nine months. At the end of the recording time, a "burn wire" will release the tag and it will float to the surface. There it will transmit data to overhead satellites for a period of 14 days. This information will be sent to researchers via email for analysis. Summaries of the findings will be presented as special Manta Network reports. You can assist this important research through our Adopt-A-Manta Program which provides funding for the purchase and operation of manta tags. Our research affiliates will sponsor biologists to perform the actual tagging of the mantas at each of the target sites. You can adopt in any of the following ways: Annual Manta Adoption:$75 donation Annual Adoption & Membership:$100 donation Lifetime Adoption: One-time $250 donation Educational Organizations:Free for schools that agree to organize and run at least one fundraising event each year. Each manta adoption comes with an adoption package and includes an official Adoption Certificate with the picture of the manta, other important information and a special access password to enter your special area on the web for following research collected on your manta. The Adoption Process consists of the following steps: Complete the form below and click on Submit button. Use our convenient on-line payment method or tell is how you will be making your donation. We will then contact you with the information about the mantas that are available for adoption. After you make your selection, we will send you the "Adoption Package" Please make sure your user profile contains your current mailing information. [Check Your Personal Profile now] Identify your adoption preferences: Type of adoption: Select type of adoption ------------------------------------ Individual Manta ($75 per year) Manta & Membership ($100 per year) Lifetime Adoption ($250) Educational Program (free) Area of adoption: Select area of adoption ------------------------------------ Australia Bora Bora Kona, Hawaii Maldives Mexico Yap, Micronesia Any area is fine Gender preference: Select gender ------------------------------------ Male Female Either is fine Other Comments Donation Method: Select donation method ------------------------------------ On-line Mail-in Check Mail-in Credit Card If you are interested in more information or to discuss becoming a major sponsor of our work, please contact Robert Aston. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article21.html The Giant Manta (Manta birostris) is found in every tropical ocean; it stands apart as the largest of all rays with wingspans of up to 7 meters. Little is known about large pelagic animals because they are few in number and spend most of their lives in a solitary remoteness inaccessible to humans. Unlike large sharks, manta rays combine great size with gentle grace, and they present no threat to humans. Both mantas and the related mobulids are targeted by fisheries in a number of regions and are caught as by-catch within their range. Some areas, where mantas once numbered in the hundreds, have only tens left. The Manta Network (www.Save-the-Mantas.org) is dedicated to the protection and conservation of Manta birostris and related mobula rays worldwide. We are the only global organization concerned with the well being of manta rays and dedicated to their protection and conservation. A worldwide network of manta researchers, sports divers, scientists, dive and tour operators, photographers and local conservation groups is being created to protect these magnificent creatures. Financial support is needed to support our many programs. The Worldwide Manta Sightings Program has created a centralized Global Database to learn more about manta populations, animal behavior, habitat preferences, residency patterns and their long-range migration behavior. The Global Database provides a resource for scientific investigations and an informational source for public awareness activities. Data collected is also used to identify individual mantas that may migrate long distances. Research Affiliates, participating scientists and conservation groups contribute routinely to the database. More than 125 locations around the world have been sighted. Information and hundreds of images have been collected on nearly 100 individuals. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article24.html Since 1996, The Manta Network has been publishing information on the Internet about manta rays and has developed the Worldwide Manta Sightings Program and database. Funding in now being sought to formalize and expand these efforts into four major areas: POPULATION STUDIES Worldwide population studies have not been conducted. Proposed programs that assist the manta rays' present and future status include: We intend to expand the methods used to collect sighting information. Identify strategically important areas and manta populations where routine monitoring would provide valuable information worldwide. Develop programs for the collection of manta sightings from divers and photographers encounters. Develop a routine field collection program with the assistance of the dive operators and resort operators around the world. Assist researchers in the development of worldwide tracking systems. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION The Manta Network is a major source for on-line environmental education. This includes providing a content-rich library of information about mantas, research programs to further our knowledge of these magnificent creatures, student intern activities and environmental action programs. These include: The Manta Network serves as an online clearinghouse for information about manta rays worldwide useful to scientists, concerned individuals, conservation groups and legislators, thus it serves as an important resource for environmental education efforts. Develop and conduct educational seminars at industry trade shows and other important events. Develop a network of Eco-tours focused on the diving with, research and protection of manta rays. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS Although some manta research is being conducted is a few locations, the research efforts are very spoty. Few formal and well-funded research programs exist. Most efforts are done by local groups usually associated with dive operators. Although this is a good start, better funded and scientifically-staffed programs are badly needed to address global populations. In association with its Manta Research Affiliates, we intend to study Manta birostris and related mobula rays through the following: Conduct and support marine research into the behavior, migration, conservation and protection of manta ray populations worldwide. Perform field research including personally interviewing local fishermen, dive operators and local conservation groups. Develop a funding program to permit teams of researchers to conduct specific field research on select manta populations. Continuous monitoring stations can provide invaluable information about the residency of local manta populations. Seek research grants to fund the installation, monitoring and maintenance of wireless underwater video monitoring stations being developed by FutureTel Corporation. Develop a Student Scholarship Program in support of research and environmental education initiatives. PUBLIC AWARENESS INITATIVES We believe that for their long-term protection, conservation programs must involve local groups, taking into consideration their economic needs. Develop public awareness initiatives including environmental assessment, monitoring projects and volunteer-supported community activism. Provide information and eco-alerts about the conservation and protection of Manta birostris. Activities will identify and track all manta ray conservation and protection issues worldwide. "Manta Alerts," will be issued as situations demand. Serve as an source of authoritative information for the media and government conservation programs. Research public awareness initiative programs that can be applied to the development of conservation measures for manta rays. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article25.html The Manta Research Affiliates Program is designed to extend the reach of manta researchers through the efforts of concerned individuals, sport divers, underwater photographers, diving industry and local conservation groups. Research Affiliates, especially those with frequent manta encounters, are providing invaluable support to increase our knowledge about manta populations, habitats, behavior and migration patterns. The Manta Research Affiliates Program provides an opportunity for concerned individuals, sport divers, photographers and the diving industry to participate in the field research to build a sound knowledge base for the protection and conservation of manta rays. Participating Research Affiliates advance our collective mission to protect and conserve the worldwide populations of Manta birostris and related Mobulas. We now have Affiliates in the following locations: Kona, Hawaii Thailand Bora Bora, French Polynesia Mozambique We are seeking the support of individuals and groups in many of the locations that we have been collecting sightings data. If you would like to participate please contact Robert Aston, Executive Director. MEET OUR NEWESTMANTA RESEARCH AFFILIATES Malte Felix Fraebel, Thailand Malte Felix Fraebel ©2004 Morava de Rosemont, Bora Bora, French Polynesia, Morava de Rosemont ©2004 Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article26.html February 18, 2004, Manta Pacific Research Foundation is proposing a rule to protect mantas from being killed or extracted along the Kona Coast of Hawaii. Foundation board members and supporters met with the West Hawaii Fisheries Council Dec. 18, 2003 to request protective status for the manta rays in Hawaiian waters. Tim Clark, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Hawaii and Manta Pacific's Scientific Advisor, gave a presentation to council members on the impact of manta fisheries in Mexico, Indonesia, and the Philippines and reported on findings from his year-long tracking study of the Kona population. In other areas in the world, fisheries for mantas have traditionally been for consumption of the meat, either fresh or dried. However, a market has recently developed in China for dried gill rakers. The gill rakers are ground to a powder and used in traditional medicines. This market has lead to an increase in the Indonesia fishery and threatens several large manta populations in Indonesia (Dewar, 2002). Although there is no immediate fishing threat to the mantas in Hawaii, Manta Pacific Research Foundation is taking a pro-active role in implementing a No Kill, No Extraction ruling for West Hawaii. Clark informed council members that if mantas were exploited for fisheries or extracted in any way, the local Hawaiian population would easily be driven to extinction due to their low reproductive rate and limited dispersal. Sighting data supplied by Keller Laros, co-founder of Manta Pacific Research Foundation, suggests that the Kona population is relatively small; about 40 mantas re-sighted on a yearly basis, and only 85 mantas identified over the last 12 years of research. Clark reported that manta rays probably reach an age of 10-15 years before they are able to reproduce and may give birth to one pup every 2-3 years. However, Laros added that he has only sighted one pregnant female in the data he has collected in 12 years on the Kona coast, and that the Kona mantas may not have the same reproductive rate as other populations. Clark's tracking data suggests that the local population is a closed population, with no migration into or out of the Kona Coast. Fishing for mantas in Kona would decimate the local population. Laros commented, "We would lose something very special and would most likely not get the mantas back in our lifetime." Manta Pacific Research Foundation conducted a survey of dive operators on the Kona Coast to determine the economic value of mantas in Kona. The Foundation hopes to show the manta fishing industry in other areas of the world that a live manta is worth more than a dead one. A manta population can support and sustain an eco-tourism industry worth millions annually, while a manta fishery creates a lesser revenue and can lead to the extinction of local populations. Based on spending trends of tourists in Hawaii, over $2.5 million in revenues were generated on the big island of Hawaii in 2002 from manta eco-tourism. In contrast, a single manta in Indonesia sells for approximately $160 for the meat, skin, and gill rakers (Dewar, 2002). Clark pointed out that eco-tourism generates far more income for a local population compared with the income earned from a fished manta ray. Manta Pacific Research Foundation's mission is to study manta rays in their natural habitat and conduct scientific research, provide education programs for the public about manta rays and the marine environment, and establish and promote manta ray conservation. Manta Pacific Research Foundation is a 501 (c)(3) non-profit organization. For more information, go to: www.mantapacific.org. Support Manta Pacific's Hawaii Protection Initiative Manta Pacific Research Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to research, education, and conservation of manta rays. Please join with us in support of their special effort to make it illegal to kill, capture, or intentionally injure manta rays in Hawaiian waters. Show your support of manta ray conservation by signing their petition on-line. [ Click for Petition]. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article43.html (Bulletin Reprint) Our third year of Photo-ID based research on the giant manta rays in the Sea of Cortez was a shocker. No mantas to photo and none to ID. None. In 2001, 22 mantas were cataloged using Photo-ID from the research site near Cerralvo Island. The following year 33 mantas in the same location, three of these had been sited the previous year, giving us a minimum population of 52 animals in two years. In addition to the 3 individuals that returned from one year to the next, numerous mantas in each season exhibited site fidelity of 3 to 4 months with daily resights of these mantas by the research team. Local fisherman say mantas have been swimming here for as long as anyone can remember. Clearly this small seamount, had some significance for this population of mantas. But then they disappeared ? Where had they gone? What may have happened to them? With the help of Dr. Felipe Galvan of the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias del Mar ,CICIMAR, we have spent the winter looking at several possibilities. Last year, 2003, the Sea of Cortez was hit by two hurricanes, Ignacio and Marty, over the span of two weeks in September. The hurricanes may have explained the absence of mantas in September and certainly decreased our ability to conduct surveys. However before and after the hurricanes the sea temperatures and conditions were similar to past years as recorded by the research team and CICIMAR. Another strong possibility would be the absence of food. Mantas consume planktonic animals, especially Euphasids. Krill is the best known example of this type of animal. The Sea of Cortez is home to four species of the genus Mobula, a close relative of the manta that eats the same prey. All four species were present in the Sea this past year and according to fisheries data, CICIMAR and observations by the research team the mobulas were in normal abundance. Prey must also be in normal abundance. Fishing, accidental or deliberate, could account for some loss of population. Again we relied on Dr. Galvan whose graduate students monitor the fishing camps in the area for shark and ray catch. There was no increase in manta catch according to this data. However another possibility exists which is outside of our ability to monitor at this time. It has been reported that long-line fisherman may be catching the mantas to use as bait chunks on the thousands of hooks each boat deploys nightly in the Sea of Cortez. Some have suggested the increasing presence of divers at the research sight would chase away the mantas. We agree that aggressive divers who try to touch or ride the mantas may chase them from a location for an unknown period of time. However we never sighted mantas before the tourist season began last year and usually have several months of data before the sport divers arrive. Logically, if the divers were scaring away the mantas we would have seen some and then they would leave when the high season came for sport diving. Additionally the divers act as back-up for the research team informing us when they have seen mantas and many times have usable photos of the mantas they saw. Not one single sport diver from the six dive shops in the area reported seeing a manta last year. While we struggle to solve the mystery of last year we prepare for the 2004 season which begins in June. In past years this is the month when mantas have been first sighted. We welcome your participation in the project and thank you for your interest. Good News! IEMANYA OCEANICA, a non-profit 501(c)3 based in California that conducts shark and ray research in the Sea of Cortez has partnered with Manta Mexico. This allows our research project to receive cash donations from the U.S. which will be tax-deductible for the donors. Donations in any amount should be sent to: IEMANYA OCEANICA C/O LALEH MITCHELL 5190 E. BROMELY DR. OAK PARK, CA 91377. Please attach a note explaining that donation is for Manta Mexico and the money will be passed on to the project and you will receive your tax deduction information from Ms. Laleh Mitchell of IEMANYA. For more information about IEMANYA OCEANICA and their work please visit www.IEMANYA.org on the internet. For questions or comments on this bulletin please write to mantamexico@hotmail.com Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article47.html Dear Potential Supporter: I invite you to join us on a very important mission to save the world’s manta ray population. In 1995, while working on a scuba travel article in the Pacific Ocean south of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, my life was changed forever. Seeing the grace and beauty of the Giant Pacific Manta firsthand was a breathtaking experience. Words and photographs cannot express the feeling of being within inches of these massive rays, some reaching wingspans of more than 18 feet. I stopped transfixed, 30 feet below the surface, as one of these giant winged creatures paused within arm’s reach to stare directly into my eyes. My feature article caught the attention of Dr. Bob Rubin, foremost Manta birostris biologist. In 1996, we visited Revillagigedo Islands in Mexico together and decided to create The Manta Network. Over the past few years my interest in and concern for the well-being of mantas rays has grown as I learned of areas around the world where their population is being threatened. The Giant Manta is found in every tropical ocean, and spends most of their lives in a solitary remoteness inaccessible to humans. Large pelagic animals are virtually unknown because they are few in number. Unlike large sharks, manta rays combine great size with gentle grace and present no threat to humans. Both mantas and the related mobulids are targeted by fisheries in a number of regions and are caught as bycatch within their range. Canadian researchers, Myers and Worm, in their May 2003 Nature Magazine article, stated that, “the global ocean has lost more than 90% of large predatory fishes.” Increased manta bycatch mortality, in some areas once numbering hundreds or even thousands, has lead to having only tens left. Only a small handful of scientists are focused on mantas. Areas such as Kona in Hawaii, Yap in Micronesia, Revillagigedo in Mexico and the Maldives are known for their resident populations and are frequented by sport divers and photographers. Recently, a few conservation groups have formed to protect local mantas, such as Kona’s Manta Pacific Research Foundation. However, The Manta Network is the only organization that is concerned with the well-being of manta rays worldwide. Our goal is to help protect the planet’s ecological wealth by advancing our knowledge of Manta birostris. In doing so, we will determine their importance within the ocean's ecosystem and create a knowledge base to enable us to educate fishing and tourism industries, government organizations, conservation groups, and the public on the importance of protecting and conserving this important species. The Manta Network is a non-profit corporation creating several programs to protect and conserve mantas worldwide. This will be accomplished through active publishing, research in conjunction with leading manta researchers, and by increasing industry, government, and public awareness through education. We also strive to make accurate information available about areas where mantas are being threatened. Financial support is urgently needed to develop programs and conduct research, including the Indo-Pacific Manta Migration Study, a three-year investigation into migration behavior, and the Continuous Manta Monitoring Project to collect residency patterns of local manta populations. Please join me in supporting The Manta Network and its programs to protect and conserve the world’s manta rays for generations to come. Sincerely yours, Robert Aston Executive Director Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article53.html FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE ANNOUNCING THEFIRST INTERNATIONAL MANTA RAY PHOTO & VIDEO CONTEST From the new, global non-profit organization, THE MANTA NETWORK June, 2004, Santa Cruz, CA Divers, Photographers, Videographers and Ocean Conservationists The new non-profit worldwide organization, The Manta Network, is holding their First International Manta Ray Photo and Video Contest. Entries will be accepted starting June 15 through September 15 2004, culminating with an exhibition at the DEMA Show (Diving Equipment Manufacturer’s Association) October 13, 2004 in Houston, Texas. Here is a great way for both amateurs and professionals to share their prized photography and videos that captures those special moments spent underwater with the majestic manta rays. Winners will receive publicity, will be prominently exhibited at this well-attended trade show, will have their work displayed online and will be awarded a variety of wonderful prizes. The top two contestants will win a dive trip with the Kona Mantas and a stay at the beautiful Sheraton Keauhou Bay Resort & Spa. All inclusive dive packages will be provided by Bottom Time Hawaii. HELP SAVE THE DAY…    FOR THE MANTA RAY Each entry helps support The Manta Network, their ongoing research and educational purposes. Entry fees are considered a tax-deductible contribution. The organization is inviting everyone who is interested in helping with their mission to contact them, not only underwater photographers. They need volunteers of all types to help spread the word about "Saving the Day for the Manta Ray." PRESS CONTACT: Linda Bryer, 831-479-8725 About The Manta Network This non-profit is the first international organization dedicated to the protection and conservation of Manta birostris worldwide. Their mission includes the creation of a global network that will consist of Manta researchers, sport divers, photographers, dive and tour operators, corporate sponsors and individuals who will all work together to further the efforts to protect these magnificent creatures. The founder of The Manta Network, Robert Aston, M.S. Earth Sciences, has been dedicated to this cause for many years; he has been working closely with marine researchers since 1996 to collect information about Manta birostris populations. A formal program was initiated in 1998 and is currently being expanded to collect manta sightings from encounters by photographers and divers from around the world. Legal counsel for The Manta Network is provided by Covington & Burling, one of the top global environmental law firms. For more information, email aston@save-the-mantas.org. For official contest rules and entry forms [click here]. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article54.html ANNOUNCING THE FIRSTINTERNATIONAL MANTA RAY PHOTO & VIDEO CONTEST The new non-profit worldwide organization, The Manta Network, is holding their first International Manta Ray Photo and Video Contest. Entries will be accepted starting June 15 through September 15 2004, culminating with an exhibition at the DEMA Show (Diving Equipment Manufacturer’s Association) October 13, 2004 in Houston, Texas. Here is a great way for both amateurs and professionals to share their prized photography and videos that captures those special moments spent underwater with the majestic manta rays. Winners will receive publicity, will be prominently exhibited at this well-attended trade show, will have their work displayed online and will be awarded a variety of wonderful prizes. The top two contestants will win a dive trip with the Kona Mantas and a stay at the beautiful Sheraton Keauhou Bay Resort & Spa. All inclusive dive packages will be provided by Bottom Time Hawaii. Each entry helps support The Manta Network, their ongoing research and educational purposes. Entry fees are considered a tax-deductible contribution. The organization is inviting everyone who is interested in helping with their mission to contact them, not only underwater photographers. They need volunteers of all types to help spread the word about "Saving the Day for the Manta Ray." PRESS CONTACT: Linda Bryer, 831-479-8725 Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article64.html Santa Cruz, CA, October, 14 2004 The Manta Network’s Manta Sightings Program has created a centralized global database to help scientists learn more about manta populations, animal behavior, habitat preferences, residency patterns and their long-range migration behavior. The data and images collected are available for scientific investigation by participating scientists via a secured Internet connection. The Manta Global Database provides a resource for scientific investigations and an informational source for public awareness activities. Data collected is also used to identify individual mantas that may migrate long distances and periods of time. The Manta Research Affiliates Program consists of participating scientists, dive operators, photographers and conservation groups around the world. These individuals and groups contribute routinely to the Manta Global Database. Mantas from more than 125 locations around the world have been sighted. Information and hundreds of images have been collected on nearly 100 uniquely identified individuals. The Affiliates Program is designed to extend the reach of manta researchers through the efforts of concerned individuals, sport divers, underwater photographers, diving industry and local conservation groups. Research Affiliates, especially those with frequent manta encounters, are providing invaluable support to increase our knowledge about manta populations, habitat, and behavior and migration patterns. We are happy to announce that the Manta Research Affiliates Program has grown to include: Bora Bora in Polynesia, Thailand, Kona in Hawaii, Mozambique, New Zealand, Maldives and Ecuador. Affiliates in Australia and Brazil should be announced soon. We are seeking the support of individuals and groups in many of the locations that we have been collecting sightings data. If you would like to participate please contact Robert Aston, Executive Director, robert@mantas.org. About The Manta Network This non-profit is the first International Organization dedicated to the protection and conservation of Manta birostris worldwide. Its mission includes the creation of a global network of manta researchers, sport divers, photographers, dive and tour operators, corporate sponsors and individuals who will all work together to further the efforts to protect these magnificent creatures. The founder of The Manta Network, Robert Aston, M.S. Earth Sciences, has been dedicated to this cause for many years. He has been working closely with leading manta researchers since 1996 to collect information about Manta birostris populations. Legal counsel for The Manta Network is provided by Covington & Burling, one of the top global environmental law firms. PRESS CONTACT: Linda Bryer, 831-479-8725, linda@mantas.org Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mantas.org/Article76.html The mission of the Antinea Foundation is to contribute to the conservation of the oceans. This will be achieved by creating a partnership network of leading specialists in the scientific, conservation, eco-tourism and media fields. We are happy to be part of their effort to spread important manta research to remote areas of the world. FROM THE DIRECTOR We would like to welcome you as one of the nearly 200 members to join us in our first year. Last year we built the organizational structure, assembled teams of researchers and supporters and began several new programs. One exciting program has involved the design of a real-time underwater video camera to monitor resident manta populations. This camera system will soon be deployed in Kona, Hawaii. This is the first stage in developing a telepresence program to bring live underwater manta encounters to audiences in aquariums, exploratoriums and classrooms around the world. In 2005, we will focus our efforts on raising sufficient funds to conduct field research and build educational programs. Manta birostris has recently been added to the 'Threatened Species' list, an important first step toward their protection. We believe that they should be protected as an endangered species. However in order to elevate them to that category requires a 2-3 year concerted effort between conservations groups, scientists, sponsoring nations. The Manta Network intends to take a leading role towards that goal. The Manta Network would like to wish you and your family a Happy New Year and a future full of peace and safety for all the creatures of our water planet. Best wishes, Robert Aston Executive Director MANTA TELEPRESENCE PROJECT This new and exciting project will establish an innovative educational and technological framework to bring the excitement of the leading manta experiences from around the world to aquariums, exploratoriums and K-12 classrooms. A network of underwater manta monitoring stations are being established in key manta habitat protection areas. The first of these is slated for deployment in Keauhou Bay, Kona, Hawaii. Additional monitoring stations are being discussed including: Yap in Micronesia, Wakaya Island in Fiji and Bora Bora in Polynesia. The oceanographic research vessel, Antinea, is planning a seven-year round-the-world expedition and will have a satellite-linked MantaCam on-board. MORE MANTA AFFILIATES The Manta Field Research Affiliates Program is receiving support from around the world. We now have affiliates in 14 countries. We would like to welcome Sally Svendsen, Senior Instructor at Solomon Watersport in Gizo Island, Solomon Islands. Other affiliate areas include: Bora Bora, Brazil, Ecuador, Exmouth, Australia, Fiji, Kona, Maldives, Mozambique, Roatan, Honduras, Thailand and Yap in Micronesia. If your area is not represented, please contact Robert Aston at robert@mantas.org to find out how you can become part of this growing community of supporters. We are looking for Manta Field Research Affiliates for the following countries: Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and the Philippines. -- WANTED --FUNDRAISING COORDINATOR If you or someone you know can help us reach our funding goals in support of manta research, please contact Robert Aston at robert@mantas.org FIRST INTERNATIONALMANTA PHOTO/VIDEO CONTEST The First Annual International Photographic and Video Contest is now over. We will be announcing the winners in February. Good luck to all who have entered and contributed to advancing our knowledge of mantas worldwide. We will be announcing the 2nd Annual Contest very soon, so start today to collect those award-winning photos. JOIN...VOLUNTEER...DONATE Visit our completely new website and register to support the work we are doing. There is a wide variety of ways you can support our effort. For a list of ways to volunteer [click here]. Of course, by becoming a paid member you will be contributing directly to the research. Also consider one of our Adopt-a-Manta programs. PLEASE FORWARD Please help us get the word out about The Manta Network and our mission to conserve and protect this magnificent species. Send this newsletter to everyone you think will be interested in helping: Name: Email: MORE NEWS & PRESS Manta Telepresence Project 501(c)(3) Tax-Exempt Status Manta Global Database Sheraton Manta Experience Manta Network Brochure Member Donation Form Sponsor Donation Form Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 +0000